Immanuel Kant Essay Example for Free

Immanuel Kant Essay Deontological Theory The deontological theory state that the consequences or outcomes of actions are not important, what actually matter is that the actions are morally justified. For example drunken driving is wrong, now if a person argues that he safely navigated his way back home and for that reason he/she should not be held accountable by law, they are wrong because their action was wrong in the first place and was breaking the basic principle for morally correct behaviour that a person should not drive while being drunk. The contribution of Immanuel Kant towards development of Deontological theory Immanuel Kant proposes that in taking a decision â€Å"Duty† carries the foremost importance. Kant is of the view that a person’s actions will only be regarded as morally and ethically correct when they are taken keeping in mind the sense of duty and responsibility in mind. Teleological Ethical Theory The teleological ethical theory put the primary focus on the â€Å"Consequences† i. e. â€Å"What are those actions that produce the best possible results†? Along with attaching importance to the consequences the teleological theory also suggests that the decisions framework that is developed for achieving the desired consequences should also be managed with care. Consequentialist Theory According to the â€Å"Consequentiality Theory†, the basis for determining how moral a person’s actions are the consequences. The consequences of actions can be good or bad, and they can be damaging or favourable. The contribution of Jeremy Bentham towards development of a person’s actions can be a classified as good or bad depending on what consequences the action has produced. According to Bentham’s opinion the good things are classified as â€Å"pleasure† and the bad ones as â€Å"pain†.1. 2 Absolute ethics has only two sides: Something is good or bad, black or white. Some examples in police ethics would be unethical behaviours such as bribery, extortion, excessive force, and perjury, which nearly everyone would agree are unacceptable behaviours by the police. Relative ethics is more complicated and can have a multitude of sides with varying shades of gray. What is considered ethical behaviour by one person may be deemed highly unethical by someone else. The Absolutist theory is the theory that certain things are right or wrong from an objective point of view and cannot change according to culture. Certain actions are intrinsically right or wrong, which means they are right or wrong in themselves. This is also known as deontological. The relativist theory is the theory that there are no universally valid moral principles. All principles and values are relative to a particular culture or age. Ethical relativism means that there is no such thing as good â€Å"in itself†, but if and action seems good to you and bad to me, that is it, and there is no objective basis for us to discover the truth. This theory is also known as teleological. An example of an absolutist ethical system would be if a single mother with a very young child had no money and therefore no food to feed the child, and she stole some food from the shop and the mother was caught and had a trial, an absolutist would argue that its morally wrong to steal and should suffer the consequences of the crime. They don’t take into account the situation the person might be in and use an absolute law. However, this is in contrast to the alternative ethical system, called â€Å"relativist†, because this system is really the complete opposite. Again I’ll use the same example as I did for absolutist. If a relativist was looking at this they would take into consideration the situation the woman might be in and empathize with her and try to find an outcome that is the most fair. One reason to support the absolutist approach as the only defensible approach is that it provides justification for acting which means that morality seems to demand some sort of obligation. If there’s a fixed moral code then there is no obligation to act in a way. Another strength is that it gives clear guidelines, which basically means the rules are fixed and clear to apply. 1. 3 Ethics refers to a prescribed or accepted code of conduct. Ethical issues are a set of moral values that need to be addressed while carrying out business. Businesses operate in a society that is structured around moral values. Therefore, when conducting its operations, a business has certain responsibilities which are to provide the society with quality goods and services that will improve the people’s living standards. In order to survive, a business needs to maintain its customers. Product packaging is one way of ensuring a business maintains its existing customers and also acquire new customers. Some companies are known to allow underweight packaging of products which are then highly priced and this is a rude way of increasing profits. However this negative trend will affect the business in the long run as customers will eventually come to learn that they are being swindled. In an attempt to boost sales, some businessmen adapt promotional methods that mislead customers as the message conveyed may not give the exact details of the product. Businesses should desist from increasing prices without valid reasons. In doing so, they will be taking advantage of the customer and this is unethical. Businessmen should also desist from taking part in corrupt practices such as selling low standard goods while bribing government officials in order to continue operating. Entrepreneurs should consider the effects of their activities on the society they serve. In the long run, wrong dealings and corruption will tarnish the image of the business and have a negative effect on sales. Business people ought to comply with the law requirements and observe laid down principles of morality in their dealings. They should seriously consider expectations of the community they serve. (http://www. lawrencegmcdonald. com).

Civil War Essay -- American History Civil War

Abraham Lincoln once stated, "A House divided against itself cannot stand. I Believe this government cannot endure, permanently half slave and half free. I do not expect the house to fall. But I do expect it will cease to be divided. It will become all one thing, or all the other". More than anything else, differing interpretations about the Civil War drove the debate over the meaning of the Constitution and of the Union. These were, of course, not new issues. Indeed, as Professor Joseph Ellis has noted in Founding Brothers: the Revolutionary Generation both had been on the minds of the delegates to Philadelphia in 1787. And, significantly, they were considered so controversial that neither the word "slavery" nor the word "nation" appeared in the Constitution. In the late 1800's the Southern states began to slowly secede from the Union on grounds that the federal government was limiting their rights, such as the right to own and regulate slaves, which were at that time considered to be property (Monk 208). Slavery was the South's main reason for secession, among other things. The South also, at that time, chose to remain an agricultural region; therefore, it had strong reasons for seeing that slavery, as an institution, continued without limits or interference. At the same time that all of this angst was going on, the Supreme Court was being appointed a case that would add even more fuel to the alread y raging fire. The Dred Scott Decision of 1856 gave yet another argument to this long debate about the issue of slavery between the North and the South. The case itself would not have reached the Supreme Court in the first place had it not been for the fact that slavery and its extension into new territories had become such a continu... ...from the beginning. In contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these states is perpetual, or everlasting (Lincoln's Inaugural Address). Abraham Lincoln stated in his Inaugural Address of 1860 that, " Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to say that no proper government ever had a provision in its organic law for its own termination" (Lincoln's Inaugural Address). I agree with Lincoln's theory because if the framers created the Constitution with provisions for its own termination, then they would have implied that there would need to be necessary cause for such an action. No Union would create a constitution implying temporary unity (Ward 34). Lincoln's words and theory of a perpetual union explains the fundamental statement "no state has the right to secede from the Union."

Mint Lube Case Study

Banin Akif MBA – I Seat # 7049 Operations Management CASE STUDY (MINIT-LUBE INC. ) Q. 1What constitutes the mission of Minit-Lube? Ans:The mission statement for Minit-Lube can be derived as followed: Our Mission: To provide fast, reliable and superior services in a customer friendly environment while ensuring lowest possible fares. Q. 2How does the Minit-Lube operation strategy provide competitive advantage? Ans:Minit-Lube operations strategy provides the organization advantage over its competitors in the following ways: Services Design: Minit-Lube has a superior service design as it provides fast oil-change, interior cleaning and lubrications services to 3 cars at a time. – Quality management: Quality exceeds normal standards as all employees are neatly dressed and fully trained from minit-lube school. – Process: Efficient use of human resource enables fast service provision as three workers simultaneously work on a car to provide oil-change services. – L ocation: Spotless environment provides customer a refreshing feeling. – Layout design: Minit-Lube layout supports process focused ‘job shop’ practice which maximizes the efficiency and quality. – Human Resource: Well trained staff graduated from minit-lube school, ensuring cost effectiveness by building good customer relationships and providing speedy and accurate service. Each individual specializes in its own work enabling the maximum level of service. – Scheduling: Service providedin least possible time frame with use of efficient human resource in order to meet customer schedules. – Maintenance: Minit-Lube provides reliable maintenance solutions because of their trained staff and superior operations management. Q. 3 Is it likely that Minit-Lube has increased productivity over its more traditional competitors? Why? How would we measure productivity in this industry? Ans:Minit-Lube increased productivity over its traditional competitors in the following ways: – Well trained/educated labor: labor plays a vital role in productivity and as employees of minit-lube are both well educated and trained, they increase the productivity of the organization. More Output in lesser time: As compared to its competitors, at minit-lube the car comes in and goes out in only 10 mins which significantly increases the output and therefore, productivity. Also, providing service to 3 cars simultaneously also enhances the productivity if the competitors are servicing less than 3 cars keeping all other factors constant. Productivity= Output____ Input = No. of cars serviced in an hour____ Labor hours put in by the team

The Effects Of Employment Status At 2 Years Post...

â€Å"Predicting Employment Status at 2 Years’ Post-discharge From Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation† is a research article written by Gregory C. Murphy, James Middleton, Ruth Quirk, Annelies De Wolf, and Ian D. Cameron published by Rehabilitation Psychology. This essay summarizes the investigation on the prediction of employment status at 2 years’ post discharge from spinal cord injury rehabilitation by analyzing information in order to establish facts and reach a result. It explains how the information from this research article can be applied to the rehabilitation counseling professional, and it identifies points discussed in class as it relates to the research article. Article Review This research article sets out to examine the after-†¦show more content†¦The ages of the seventy- two participant ranged from 35-14, 58 males and 14 females. Lesion level or Level of injury were: 42 Tetraplegia or quadriplegia and 30 Paraplegia or impairment in motor or sensory function of the lower extremities. ASIA grade is a scale used to measure the level of impairment as shown in Table 1: 41 ASIA A, 6 ASIA B, 7 ASIA C, 18 ASIA D, and education: 32 Elementary or incomplete high school, 11 High School, 12 University/ college (Incomplete), and 17 University/ college (completed). The procedure used to collect information for the research study is a survey and the techniques used were interview and questionnaire. An interview is when questions are posed to an individual to obtain information (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Methods Types, n.d.). A questionnaire is a series of written questions a participant answers (What Is Survey Research? - Definition, Met hods Types, n.d.). Follow- up questionnaires were administered to participant face- to- face and participants who were living long distance were interviewed by telephone. Table 1 The ASIA (American Spinal Injury Association) impairment scale Category Definition A = Complete No motor or sensory function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-S5 B = Incomplete Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level and includes the sacral segments S4-S5 C = Incomplete Motor function is preserved below the neurological level,Show MoreRelatedMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesSenate and House of Representa- 2 tives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, 3 SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE; TABLE OF DIVISIONS, TITLES, rmajette on DSK29S0YB1PROD with BILLS 4 5 AND SUBTITLES. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This Act may be cited as the 6 ‘‘Affordable Health Care for America Act’’. VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 2 1 2 (b) TABLE TITLES.—This OF